10kV Transformer Selection Guide
04-07 2025 | By:
1. Type selection
Oil-immersed transformer
Applicable scenarios: outdoor power distribution, industrial load center, rural power grid transformation.
Advantages: excellent heat dissipation performance (oil circulation cooling), strong overload capacity, low cost, typical models such as S11/S13 series.
Special design: fully sealed structure (corrugated oil tank) is moisture-proof and explosion-proof, suitable for flood-prone areas.
Dry-type transformer
Applicable scenarios: indoor environments with high fire protection requirements such as high-rise buildings, subways, hospitals, etc.
Advantages: oil-free and maintenance-free, strong flame retardancy (epoxy resin casting), but the cost is relatively high, typical models such as SCB series 8.
2. Capacity determination
Basic calculation
Calculate the apparent power based on the total load power (kW) and power factor (usually 0.8-0.9):
S=P/cosφ (kVA).
Example: If the total load is 500kW,
cosφ=0.85, you need to select
S≈588kVA, and it is recommended to select the 630kVA standard capacity.
Margin design
Industrial scenario: reserve 15%-20% capacity margin to cope with future expansion.
Seasonal load (such as agricultural irrigation and drainage): a dedicated transformer can be configured to avoid long-term inefficient operation of the main transformer
3. Installation environment adaptation
Extreme climate
Low temperature areas: select cold-resistant oil (such as -45℃ transformer oil) and special treatment of silicon steel sheets.
High humidity areas: give priority to fully sealed oil-immersed or dry-type transformers with dehumidification function.
Special terrain
High altitude (>1000m): need to reduce capacity or choose plateau-specific models (insulation strength increased by 20%).
Limited space: select compact (such as amorphous alloy transformer) or prefabricated substation integration solution.
4. Operation and maintenance and economy
Life cycle cost
Initial cost: Oil-immersed type is 30%-50% lower than dry type, but oil detection/replacement costs need to be included.
Energy efficiency optimization: S13 has 25% lower no-load loss than S11, and the price difference can be recovered within 5 years (calculated at 0.8 yuan/kWh).
Maintenance points
Oil-immersed type: oil chromatographic analysis every 2 years, monitoring moisture content (≤20ppm) and breakdown voltage (≥35kV).
Dry type: Clean dust regularly (dust thickness < 2mm), check fan start and stop temperature (usually 65℃ start).
V. Recommended selection process
Requirement analysis → 2. Environmental assessment → 3. Capacity calculation → 4. Parameter comparison → 5. Energy efficiency verification → 6. Manufacturer qualification review
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