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03-07 2025 | By:

Types and Model Designations of Distribution Transformers
Distribution transformers are critical components in power systems, designed to step down voltage for end-users. Their model designations reflect technical specifications and structural features, standardized globally for clarity. Here’s an overview of key aspects:

1. Model Structure

Distribution transformer models are coded using letters and numbers to indicate characteristics :

• Phase Configuration:
  • Single-phase: Marked as “D” (e.g., D10).
  • Three-phase: Marked as “S” (e.g., S11).
• Cooling Method:
  • Oil-immersed: No letter (default) or “J” for forced oil circulation.
  • Dry-type: Marked as “G” (air-cooled) or “C” (resin-encapsulated).
• Winding Material:
  • Copper windings are default (no code), while aluminum is marked as “L”.
• Voltage Class:
  • Rated high-voltage side (e.g., 10kV or 35kV) follows the capacity value.

A typical model, like S11-M-630/10, deciphers as:

• S: Three-phase
• 11: Design series (energy-efficient)
• M: Sealed tank
• 630: Capacity (kVA)
• 10: High-voltage rating (kV)

2. Common Types and Applications

• Oil-immersed Transformers:
  Widely used for outdoor installations due to robust cooling (e.g., S9, S11). Ideal for rural grids and industrial zones .
• Dry-type Transformers:
  Fire-resistant and eco-friendly (e.g., SCB10). Suited for buildings, hospitals, and metro systems .
• Amorphous Core Transformers:
  Marked as “SH15”, reducing no-load losses by 70-80% compared to traditional models, perfect for low-load scenarios .

3. Technical Parameters

Key parameters include:

• Capacity: Ranges from 50 kVA (small buildings) to 6300 kVA (urban substations).
• Insulation Class: “F” (155°C) or “H” (180°C) for high-temperature resilience.
• Impedance Voltage: Typically 4-6% to limit short-circuit currents .

4. Evolution and Standards

Modern standards prioritize energy efficiency. For example, S13 series reduces no-load loss by 25% over S11 . International codes like IEC 60076 align with Chinese GB standards for global compatibility.

In summary, distribution transformer models encapsulate critical engineering choices, balancing efficiency, safety, and environmental adaptability. Understanding these codes aids in selecting optimal units for diverse grid demands.

Performance Parameters

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