Distribution Transformer Fault Analysis
03-25 2025 | By:
During the operation of Distribution Transformers, various faults often occur due to improper installation and management and service life.
Distribution Equipment Insulation Aging
Under normal load, the service life of the insulation material of the transformer is generally about 20 years. When the insulation is scorched, blackened, loses its original elasticity and becomes fragile, as long as the winding is slightly vibrated or there is a slight relative friction between the windings, the aged insulation is easily damaged, causing short circuits between turns or layers. There are many accidents caused by insulation aging. Therefore, the load and oil temperature of the transformer must be carefully monitored. It is not allowed to exceed the specified overload operation to avoid accelerating insulation aging and shortening the service life of the transformer.
ztelecgroup Distribution Transformer
Distribution Transformer Insulation Oil Deterioration
Insulation oil has good electrical properties and suitable viscosity. It can increase the insulation strength between winding phases, between layers, and between windings and iron cores and shells, so that the windings and iron cores of the transformer in operation can be cooled; in addition, insulation oil can keep the original chemical and physical properties of the transformer main insulation and protect the metal from corrosion. Deterioration of oil paper can cause transformer failure. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the maintenance and monitoring of insulating oil.
(1) Sampling and testing should be carried out strictly in accordance with regulations. If any unqualified items are found, they should be handled immediately.
(2) Monitor the load of the transformer and the upper oil temperature for any abnormalities.
(3) Reduce the chance of oil contact with air and prevent moisture from infiltrating.
Three-Phase Distribution Transformers Overvoltage
Overvoltage is generally divided into external overvoltage and internal overvoltage. External overvoltage is mainly caused by lightning strikes, and the main preventive measure is to install lightning arresters; internal overvoltage is caused by electromagnetic oscillation and accumulation when the parameters in the power system change, and lightning arresters can also play a protective role.
High Voltage Distribution Transformers Insulator Damage
Most insulator damage is caused by incomplete testing, maintenance, and overhaul work. Preventive testing of insulators should be strengthened, and maintenance and overhaul personnel should strictly follow the regulations to prevent human damage.
Power Distribution Transformer Lead and Insulation Failure
(1) Weak welding at the lead connection or poor contact between the lead and the terminal, or loose screws at the terminal, can cause local heating and melting of the contact, resulting in lead breakage.
(2) Water or a large amount of moisture enters the transformer, causing insulation damage and breakdown.
(3) Short circuit at the transformer outlet, damage to the insulation between winding turns.
(4) At the high-voltage winding reinforcement section or the end of the low-voltage winding, the expansion of the wire insulation blocks the oil channel, causing internal insulation aging and causing inter-turn short circuit.
3-phase Distribution Transformer Magnetic circuit failure
(1) The through screw and the clamping plate touch the core.
(2) The insulation between the silicon steel sheets is damaged.
(3) The core is not grounded or grounded improperly.
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